tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30368112687172078432024-03-21T07:56:42.971-07:00Medical SurgerySamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.comBlogger107125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-268980894683810322010-01-20T19:40:00.000-08:002010-01-20T19:57:14.874-08:00KIDNEY REMOVAL SERIES<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-size:large;">Normal anatomy</span></div><div>The kidneys are paired organs that lie posterior to the abdomen, in the area of the lower back. The kidneys make urine, which is transported from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureters.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">indications</span></b></span></div><div>Nephrectomy may be recommended for:kidney deformities (birth defects: congenital abnormalities)injury (trauma)diseaseinfectionhypertensiontumorremoval of kidney from donor for kidney transplant</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">incisions</span></b></span></div><div>While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), an incision is made in the abdomen or in the side of the abdomen (flank).</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">procedure</span></b></span></div><div>The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder (ureter) and the blood vessels are cut away from the kidney and the kidney is removed. The incision is then closed. This opoeration is called a nephrectomy.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">aftercare</span></b></span></div><div>Patients are generally in the hospital after surgery for 3-5 days. The removal of one kidney generally has no health consequences as long as the remaining kidney is functioning well. Some centers are now performing nephrectomies using laparoscopic surgical techniques.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-20 22:57:00 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1498383&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1498383&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></div><div><br /></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-88938925393585902122010-01-20T19:36:00.000-08:002010-01-20T19:53:23.708-08:00TURP SERIES<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-size:large;">Normal anatomy</span></div><div>The prostate gland is an organ that surrounds the urinary urethra in men. It secretes fluid that mixes with the sperm to make semen.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">indication</span></b></span></div><div>An enlarged prostate gland compresses the urethra, causing problems with urination. Prostate enlargement is caused by prostate gland overgrowth (benign prostatic hypertrophy or hyperplasia) or in some cases, prostate cancer.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">procedure</span></b></span></div><div>With an anesthetic (general anesthetic or spinal), a special kind of telescope, called a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra into the prostate. The resectosope is used to remove the blocking portions of the prostate. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the most common type of surgical procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">aftercare</span></span></b></div><div>TURP is typically successful at removing the symptoms of an enlarged prostate.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-20 22:52:01 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1498377&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1498377&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></div><div><br /></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-5412035988395162952010-01-20T19:32:00.000-08:002010-01-20T19:47:43.837-08:00PROSTECTOMY SERIES<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">normal anatomy</span></b></span></div><div>The prostate gland is an organ that surrounds the urinary urethra in men. It secretes fluid which mixes with sperm to make semen. The urethra carries urine from the bladder, through the prostate gland to the penis.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">indication</span></span></b></div><div>With the exception of skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States. Early detection may result from a blood test called a PSA (prostate-specific antigen), and/or a digital rectal exam. The digital rectal exam checks the rear surface of the prostate gland for any abnormalities. A lump or hardness found during the exam might be a sign of prostate cancer.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">incision</span></span></b></div><div>There are two main surgical methods used for removing the prostate gland. The first method is called the "perineal" method. An incision is made in the perineum, which is the area between the base of the scrotum and the anus.</div><div>The second surgical method of prostatectomy is called the "suprapubic" approach. An incision is made in the abdomen, just below the umbilicus, which extends downward to the pubic bone.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">normal procedure</span></span></b></div><div>The suprapubic approach allows for removal of the lymph nodes and the ability to perform a nerve sparing modification that might prevent impotence post surgery.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">aftercare</span></span></b></div><div>Patients with prostate cancer might require radiation therapy after their surgery. Results depend on the extent of their disease, and the response of the tumor to resection (removal) and radiotherapy.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-20 22:47:25 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1498371&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1498371&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></div><div><br /></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-54108330751886220982010-01-20T19:30:00.000-08:002010-01-20T19:43:34.181-08:00KIDNEY TRANSPLANT SERIES<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">normal anatomy</span></span></b></div><div>The kidneys are paired organs that lie posterior to the abdomen, in the area of the lower back. The kidneys make urine, which is transported from the kidneys to the bladder by the ureters, long muscular tubes which connect the kidneys with the bladder.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">indication</span></span></b></div><div>Kidney transplant may be recommended for patients with kidney failure caused by:Severe, uncontrollable high blood pressure (hypertension)InfectionsDiabetes mellitusCongenital abnormalities of the kidneysOther diseases which cause renal failure, such as autoimmune diseaseDonor kidneys are obtained from either brain-dead organ donors, or from living relatives or friends of the recipient.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">incision</span></b></span></div><div>While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), an incision is made in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The donor kidney is transplanted into the right lower pelvis of the recipient.</div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;">procedure</span></b></div><div>The new kidney is sutured into place. The vessels of the new kidney are connected to the vessels leading to the right leg (the iliac vessels), and the ureter is sutured to the bladder.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">aftercare</span></b></span></div><div>In most cases, the recipient's native kidneys are left in place, and the transplanted kidney performs all the functions that both kidneys perform in healthy people. Kidney transplant recipients are required to take immunosuppressive medications for the rest of the lives, to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted organ.</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-20 22:43:16 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' 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/></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/earnoseandthorat-surgery.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority><br /></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/coronary-artery-bypass-surgery.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority></url><url><br /><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/pancreatitis.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority><br /></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/pancreatitis_22.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority><br /></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/gastrostomy-tube-placement.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority><br /></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/normal-anatomy-pancreas-resides-in-back.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority><br /></url><url><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/inflatable-artificial-sphincter.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority></url><url><br /><loc>http://medicalsurgeries.blogspot.com/2009/11/medical-tourisum.html</loc><br /><lastmod>2009-12-24T16:09:09+00:00</lastmod><br /><changefreq>always</changefreq><br /><priority>0.00</priority></url></urlset><br /></span>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-47445671523088039982009-12-18T21:35:00.000-08:002010-01-11T01:50:58.948-08:00CATARACT SURGERY<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqyZCkFx3eZDf8_yrUeHSD1zc1O3-eRQLSx6zxd_7jqMuBl9Cx46sku-A3wDX5QJZOn_GwZRjzdJ7dSHzkHc6zGTavF0jU925SEUWWIXIzz0NjBhpYV8aHFh8dsuEMFfGVIxSmj4t_IHI/s1600-h/ss1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqyZCkFx3eZDf8_yrUeHSD1zc1O3-eRQLSx6zxd_7jqMuBl9Cx46sku-A3wDX5QJZOn_GwZRjzdJ7dSHzkHc6zGTavF0jU925SEUWWIXIzz0NjBhpYV8aHFh8dsuEMFfGVIxSmj4t_IHI/s400/ss1.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417255741601169922" /></a><br /><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The lens of an eye is normally clear and perfect. A cataract is when the lens becomes cloudy when you get the older age.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Surgery is usually recommended for people who have vision problems or other major problems caused by the cataract and otherwise it is prohibited.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE,PART a</span></span></b></div><div><b>there are two procedures are used to treat cataracts of lens. In the manual extraction procedure, a small incision is made at the edge of the outer lining of the eye or a (cornea). by this procedure the lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;">PROCEDURE,PART b</span></span></b></div><div><b>the another procedure is called phacoemulsification.in this procedure phacoemulsification involves inserting a needle through a small incision on the eye. The end of the needle produces sound waves. The sound waves break up the lens, which is then sucked out through the needle. This procedure requires a smaller incision than the manual extraction procedure.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>The Cataract surgery usually works very well. There are the few risks in operation like,the pain and recovery period are short, and your sight is usually greatly improved. Ninety-five percent or more of all cataract surgeries result in improved vision.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-11 4:50:25 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = '800040'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1485474&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1485474&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner-w.gif" style="background-color:#800040;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-57346886242728645952009-12-05T22:43:00.000-08:002010-01-11T01:51:58.736-08:00Tracheo -esophageal fistula repair series<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The trachea and esophagus pass next to each other through the chest cavity. The esophagus connects to the stomach, and carries food and saliva to the stomach. The trachea connects direct to the lungs and carries air to the lungs.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">tracheo esophageal</span></span> fistula is a congenital anomaly in which there is a connection between the trachea and the esophagus. This is a life-threatening problem requiring immediate intervention. Saliva and gastric secretions may be aspirated into the lungs through the abnormal opening in the trachea. Normal swallowing and digestion of food cannot occur with the abnormal esophagus.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE,PART 1</span></span></b></div><div><b>Although the surgical procedure varies depending on the location and type of fistula, in general, an incision is made in the right chest. The section of esophagus that contains the fistula is <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">rejected</span>.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE,PART 2</span></span></b></div><div><b>The ends of the esophagus are sutured back together. In many cases, infants are very ill, and therefore require a staged procedure. This involves placing a tube in the stomach (<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">gastrostom</span></span>y tube), in order to decompress the stomach and prevent fluid in the stomach from flowing up the esophagus, through the fistula and into the lungs. The infant is then cared for in an intensive care unit until he or she is well enough to undergo resection of the fistula and a definitive repair of the esophagus.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>The baby will be cared for <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">pre</span>-<span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">operatively</span></span> and post-<span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">operatively</span></span> in a neonatal intensive care unit. He/she will be placed in an (incubator) to keep warm. He/she may require oxygen and/or mechanical ventilation. A chest tube may be in place to drain fluids. Intravenous fluids and pain medications will be given. Feedings will be started as soon as possible, depending on the extent of the repair. Length of the hospitalization varies, depending on the seriousness of the surgery and the baby's condition.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-11 4:50:25 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = '800040'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1485474&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1485474&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner-w.gif" style="background-color:#800040;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-42777128380560329412009-12-05T22:28:00.000-08:002010-01-11T01:52:24.645-08:00Coronary artery Balloon Angioplasty series<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi645MsR7Ws7oLuLoOxYWQqQaD6_orDuyg0XSgoWH2qk8vDW9lMmZOmixIPYowDYxlPR8yFTDxZoVlgJVrXtAGMuUZkYCpd09EtliTen3HA3w6orxyNlzLl6s2fUihsUAz4Yq1OyOJlcxM/s1600-h/coronary+artery+ballon+copy.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi645MsR7Ws7oLuLoOxYWQqQaD6_orDuyg0XSgoWH2qk8vDW9lMmZOmixIPYowDYxlPR8yFTDxZoVlgJVrXtAGMuUZkYCpd09EtliTen3HA3w6orxyNlzLl6s2fUihsUAz4Yq1OyOJlcxM/s400/coronary+artery+ballon+copy.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417324522367867426" /></a><br /><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The coronary arteries supply the blood to the heart muscle. The right coronary artery supplies both the left and the right heart portion; the left coronary artery supplies the left heart portion or the right coronary artery supplies the blood to the right portion of heart.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Fat and cholesterol accumulates on the inside of arteries (atherosclerosis). The small arteries of the heart muscle (the coronary arteries) can be narrowed or blocked by the accumulation of fat and cholesterol. If the narrowing is small, <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">per cutaneous</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">translational</span> coronary angioplasty, or <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">PT CA</span> for short, may be the course for treatment. <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">PT CA</span> is a rear invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries,or allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle. The indications for <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">PT CA</span> are Persistent chest pain (angina)Blockage of only one or two coronary arteries</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>When the patient is awake and pain-free (local anesthesia), a catheter is inserted into an artery at the top of the leg (the femoral artery). The procedure begins with the doctor injecting some local anesthesia into the groin area and putting a needle into the femoral artery, Once the needle is inserted, a guide wire is placed through the needle, into the blood vessel. Following this step, the guide wire is left in the blood vessel and the needle is to be removed. A large needle called an <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">introduce</span> is then placed over the guide wire and the guide wire is removed.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>AFTERCARE,PART</b></span></span></div><div><b>This procedure would be greatly improved the blood flow through the coronary arteries and to the heart tissue approx 90% of patients and may eliminate the need for coronary artery bypass surgery. The outcome is relief from chest pain symptoms and an improved exercise capacity. In 2 out of 3 cases, the procedure is considered successful with complete elimination of the narrowing or blockage.Immediately after the procedure, a ten-pound sandbag may be placed over the femoral artery puncture site in the leg and remain there for 6 hours. This is done to help the artery heal.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-11 4:50:25 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = '800040'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1485474&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1485474&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner-w.gif" style="background-color:#800040;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-62431601000972424522009-12-05T22:06:00.000-08:002009-12-19T01:35:03.362-08:00EYE MUSCLE REPAIR<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The conjunctiva links the eyeball to the eye socket. The external muscles of the eye are found behind the conjunctiva.</b></div><div><b>The <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">extra ocular</span> muscles of the eye (external to the eyeball) control the positioning of the eyes. They coordinate of the eye movement between the eyes providing coordinated sight in all directions.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-size:large;">INDICATION</span></b></div><div><b><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">Strabismus</span> (crossed eyes) is caused by a lack of muscle coordination between the eyes, it is causing the eyes to point in different directions. The eyes are unable to focus simultaneously on a single point or a site. <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Strabismus</span> may be fromed problems with the <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">extra ocular</span> muscles (the six muscle pairs that move the eyes), problems with neurological control of the extra-ocular muscles, <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">neuro-toxin</span>, blindness, it is a mechanical problems in the eye, or we can say tha mechanical obstruction to vision in one eye during early life.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INCISION</span></b></div><div><b>A small incision is made on each side of the eyeball in the tissue between the eye and eyelid which is known by (conjunctiva).</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>One or more of the muscles of the eye are strengthened or weakened to allow proper position and movement of the eyeball.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">AFTERCARE</span></span></span></b></div><div><b>Usual activities and exercise can usually be resumed shortly after surgery.</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-49040537875687677942009-12-05T22:01:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:49:41.938-08:00RADIAL KERATOMY FOR MYOPIA<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT20v0-saGiaMZ94rjXmjpGPsLUVEGi3y0y54cceuLevkCSQ2ZwycANIOcs-EeEuDzvowaixtD7lex4Ea_TPYsDBP6YPqfgGYRqEkW42HPWb9b-0IH7MLZpFcIWvRzRPQ7Repbos_udPM/s1600-h/salim3.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT20v0-saGiaMZ94rjXmjpGPsLUVEGi3y0y54cceuLevkCSQ2ZwycANIOcs-EeEuDzvowaixtD7lex4Ea_TPYsDBP6YPqfgGYRqEkW42HPWb9b-0IH7MLZpFcIWvRzRPQ7Repbos_udPM/s400/salim3.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417300413215557346" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></b></span></div><div><div><b>The cornea is composed of five layers and is one of the refractive elements. the clear covering over the colored iris and pupil of the eye. The cornea and lens of the eye help to focus light on the retina. so thats the way eye can be seen.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Radial <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">keratotomy</span> is used to correct nearsightedness, also called myopia. Myopia occurs when the cornea and lens focus light in front of, rather than on, the retina. Correction of myopia with radial <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">keratotomy</span> eliminates the need for corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses).</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>While you are awake and pain-free (using local anesthesia), a series of delicate incisions are made around the cornea. This flattens the center of the cornea is used in order to change the focus of light rays on the retina. Each eye is operated on separately, and on different days.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>An eye patch or dark glasses are worn for several days. The final outcome of your corrected vision can take up to several months.Advances in refractive surgery are being made rapidly. New procedures that are slowly replacing radial <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">keratotomy</span> are being used more frequentl.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-13 23:48:55 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489407&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489407&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-35595055477926867442009-12-05T21:40:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:50:17.219-08:00CORNEAL TRANSPLANT<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGdVX2SCfn4yP_LXvSeLA4z4t_AgZJNzGq0IYZtDckRLhTEV-_4PSyRwSamnZYFxKuyR6DamRyEl1QdZn05Adx9Fr6AIy6LdArxCLVSSabrKULMCHfs62L62-Dx1dOmHv7aMeW7EbM5bg/s1600-h/salim11.JPG"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGdVX2SCfn4yP_LXvSeLA4z4t_AgZJNzGq0IYZtDckRLhTEV-_4PSyRwSamnZYFxKuyR6DamRyEl1QdZn05Adx9Fr6AIy6LdArxCLVSSabrKULMCHfs62L62-Dx1dOmHv7aMeW7EbM5bg/s400/salim11.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417290420815440066" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-size:large;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></b></div><div><div><b>The cornea is the composed of five layers.it is clear covering of the eye over the colored iris and the pupil.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>INDICATION</b></span></span></div><div><b>Corneal transplantation is recommended for severe corneal infection,like injury, damage, or <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">scarring corneas,</span> that is no longer allow light to pass through (opaque), often secondary to lens surgery (see cataract surgery), the cornea is a infections or a inherited diseases.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>INCISION</b></span></span></div><div><b>Corneal transplant is done when the patient awake and pain-free (local anesthesia). An incision is to be made around the outer edge of the cornea.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>PROCEDURE</b></span></span></div><div><b>The damaged cornea is removed and the corneal graft is stitched in place. The corneal graft is a transplant from a brain dead donor maintained on life support.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>AFTERCARE</b></span></span></div><div><b>It is expected that Transplanted corneas have a long life. The benefits of corneal transplant are significant, and it also include significant improvement in vision.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-13 23:48:55 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489407&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489407&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-11367055224442464902009-12-05T21:28:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:51:17.742-08:00RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0meEk-9Zdilhyphenhyphenx4KY0m6hfmNN0yLyTzIRstbmRg3jve5oqjA2564tcpY9uwB4lMQ9sYvr6168Xg9vdBC7OKy6wgz4HMbvz2AHC-8tS1e9tMLjmOOF1hzvlsSbmjxLorQqJEv3pDJZT4U/s1600-h/salim8.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0meEk-9Zdilhyphenhyphenx4KY0m6hfmNN0yLyTzIRstbmRg3jve5oqjA2564tcpY9uwB4lMQ9sYvr6168Xg9vdBC7OKy6wgz4HMbvz2AHC-8tS1e9tMLjmOOF1hzvlsSbmjxLorQqJEv3pDJZT4U/s400/salim8.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417289721394373826" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><b>The retina is the internal layer or a middle layer of the eye that receives and transmits images.and after that it passed through and been focused by the lens and cornea.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Retinal detachments are associated with a tear or hole in the retina,by this the internal fluids of the eye may leak, causing separation of the retina from the underlying tissues. This is most often caused by trauma, and the risk of retinal detachment after minor trauma, such a blow to the head, is increased in the elderly, and in patients with tumors or inflammation near the retina. In some cases, retinal detachment occurs in the absence of trauma. Symptoms of retinal detachment include bright flashes, "floaters", or loss of part of the visual field. Emergency retinal detachment surgery is necessary to prevent vision loss.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE,PART </span></span></b></div><div><b>The most common technique used to repair retinal detachment is called a <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">sacral</span> buckle. Prior to performing a <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">sacral</span> buckle procedure, breaks and tears in the retina are closed. There are two major methods used to close breaks and tears in the retina. <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Cryonics's</span>, uses an intensely cold probe . This produces an inflammation that leads to formation of a scar which holds the retina to the underlying tissue</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></b></span></div><div><b><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">Sacral</span> buckling for detachment may require a few days in the hospital. Keep the head elevated at all times. Patients should not bend over or strain with lifting or bowel movements. Vigorous exercise should be avoided for 3 to 4 weeks.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family:'Courier New', Courier, monospace;font-size:13px;"><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-13 23:48:55 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489407&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489407&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-40880039429253762732009-12-02T11:30:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:51:41.817-08:00CHEST TUBE INSERTION<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBEZqjAT01VODgZ-FA1uS1uYqITvp7sCdzXJOiaOc-VAsu1bGErEfIOjFf8cEhOQ2IF2WE5B-ZjTitDQU_fX4oFZL0tlildGo2OMGeH-fKnH6aQK396MAGO4ilflBImYUPUSwysRn9jsI/s1600-h/salim15.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBEZqjAT01VODgZ-FA1uS1uYqITvp7sCdzXJOiaOc-VAsu1bGErEfIOjFf8cEhOQ2IF2WE5B-ZjTitDQU_fX4oFZL0tlildGo2OMGeH-fKnH6aQK396MAGO4ilflBImYUPUSwysRn9jsI/s400/salim15.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417308571238272818" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The pleural space is the space between the inner and outer lining of the lung. It is normally very thin, and lined only with a very small amount of fluid.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>If fluid, such as blood, or air, gets into the pleural space, the lung can collapse, preventing adequate air exchange. Chest tubes are used to treat conditions that can cause the lung to collapse, such as:air leaks from the lung into the chest (pneumothorax) bleeding into the chest (hemothorax) after surgery or trauma in the chest (pneumothorax or hemothorax) lung abscesses or pus in the chest (empyema).</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Chest tubes are to be inserted to drain blood, fluid, or air and allow full expansion of the lungs. The tube is to be placed in the pleural space. The area where the tube will be inserted is numbed. The patient may also be sedated. The chest tube is inserted between the ribs into the chest and is connected to a bottle.Suction is attached to the system to encourage drainage. A stitch (suture) and adhesive tape is used to keep the tube in place. The chest tube usually remains in place until the X-rays show that all the blood, fluid, or air has drained from the chest and the lung has fully re-expanded. When the chest tube is no longer needed, it can be easily removed, usually without the need for medications to numb the patient. Medications may be used to prevent or treat infection by (antibiotics).</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Recovery from the chest tube insertion and removal is usually complete, with only a small scar.The patient will stay in the hospital until the chest tube is removed. While the chest tube is in place, the nursing staff will carefully check for possible air leaks, breathing difficulties, and need for additional oxygen.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-13 23:48:55 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489407&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489407&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-70635367664729619812009-12-02T11:00:00.000-08:002010-01-13T20:52:16.667-08:00HEART VALVE SURGERY<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3XGXik_ZjRSl8RtvXEy7b26j-toPrBN94TKWZH7tzJjhTxcQwnPZB2QgnpWV0Npmeb53iCC6eRH5GxFi8WDsioWTPZU6jMORR5LGGm5GCswExn_xGEyj-DLUZK5OEitmHZ7Z_Y4TC6_I/s1600-h/19011.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3XGXik_ZjRSl8RtvXEy7b26j-toPrBN94TKWZH7tzJjhTxcQwnPZB2QgnpWV0Npmeb53iCC6eRH5GxFi8WDsioWTPZU6jMORR5LGGm5GCswExn_xGEyj-DLUZK5OEitmHZ7Z_Y4TC6_I/s400/19011.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410718812273121650" /></a><br /><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>There are four valves in the heart: aortic valve, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, and pulmonary valve. The valves are to be designed to control the direction of blood flow through the heart. The opening and closing of the heart valves cause to produce the heart-beat sounds.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Heart valve replacement may be recommended for narrowing of the heart valve (<span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">steno sis</span>) leaking of the heart valve. Valve problems may be caused by infections (rheumatic fever) or birth defects and may cause heart failure (congestive heart failure) and infections. The surgery is done while the patient is deep-asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia). An incision is made through the breast bone (sternum).</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Heart valve surgery is known by open-heart surgery. Tubes are used to re-route the blood away from the heart to a heart-lung bypass machine to keep the blood oxygenated and circulating while the heart is being operated on.</b></div><div><b>Valves may be repaired or replaced. Replacement heart valves are either natural (biologic) or artificial (mechanical). Natural valves are from human donors ,modified natural valves are from animal donors which are placed in synthetic rings, and artificial valves are made of metal or plastic. Natural valves rarely require life-long medication to prevent blood clot formation (<span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">anti coagulation</span>), whereas artificial valves will require <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">anti coagulation</span>. The ineffective bicuspid valve is removed and the heart valve replacement is sutured into place.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>The rate of success of heart valve surgery is high and increasing. The operation provides symptom relief and prolongs life. The death rate varies depending on the heart valve and averages 2% to 5%..The first 2 or 3 days following the operation are spent in an intensive care unit where heart functions can be monitored constantly. The average hospital stay is 1 - 2 weeks. A few weeks to several months should be allowed for complete recovery, depending on health before surgery.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-13 23:48:55 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489407&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489407&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-39118494299820479402009-12-02T10:26:00.000-08:002010-01-13T21:01:09.020-08:00HEART BYPASS SURGERY<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghbTdXnekAQYgdKSZnTPKTWEli-pGTypILYXDmLI1nisIYgqQeut4xOPORSptPqpW2otiuwiof3KXYpldTAyIdY2alaBrzxoq5Z-_kl_jESBaFAMjAYCFZGaKbanuESEsQiRZBSU7tsXw/s1600-h/salim4.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghbTdXnekAQYgdKSZnTPKTWEli-pGTypILYXDmLI1nisIYgqQeut4xOPORSptPqpW2otiuwiof3KXYpldTAyIdY2alaBrzxoq5Z-_kl_jESBaFAMjAYCFZGaKbanuESEsQiRZBSU7tsXw/s400/salim4.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417304839169257458" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The heart muscle is supplied blood through the coronary arteries. The left coronary artery supplies blood to the left ventricle. The right coronary artery supplies blood to the right ventricle.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Coronary artery bypass grafting or heart bypass surgery is recommended when one or more coronary arteries are seriously blocked and blood supply to the heart muscle is insufficient. </b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); ">PROCEDURE</span></b></div><div><b>Although we know that the "heart" itself is not "opened", the heart-lung bypass machine is used in order to re-route the blood from the heart while the surgery is being done to provide adequate circulation to the brain and other vital organs.</b></div><div><b>Coronary bypass surgery is an open heart surgery (the chest is opened, but not the heart itself). It is done through an opening through the breast bone. While one surgeon is working on the chest, another surgeon works on taking a length of vein for the bypass through a long incision along the inside of the lower leg. The vein is sewn in above and below the blockage in the coronary artery. Alternatively, an artery from the interior aspect of the chest wall (internal mammary artery), or the arm (radial artery) is used.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>After the operation, the patient will spend 7 to 10 days in the hospital, the first 1 to 3 days in an intensive-care unit (ICU). Chest tubes will be in place for the first 2 to 3 days to drain any residual blood and fluid from around the heart. Heart functions will be monitored.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-14 0:00:13 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489417&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489417&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-85725214497375036212009-12-02T08:55:00.000-08:002010-01-13T21:01:53.014-08:00HEART TRANSPLANT<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRyJovhLp36w2JMKwFSnyiwOhFvXZfU7JRAHEtPI-suA8lqj770J-em4Uxr-Yv8rjzSqZ2ehh4NQ22Ndj4IzGuAH7f9C7BYnR0DQzAhyphenhyphenitP8j72dBL6nOVThNn5EDSoQD6fJQIFccECg/s1600-h/salim10.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLRyJovhLp36w2JMKwFSnyiwOhFvXZfU7JRAHEtPI-suA8lqj770J-em4Uxr-Yv8rjzSqZ2ehh4NQ22Ndj4IzGuAH7f9C7BYnR0DQzAhyphenhyphenitP8j72dBL6nOVThNn5EDSoQD6fJQIFccECg/s400/salim10.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417306199898409602" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The heart is the most powerful organ in the circulatory system it is located in the chest cavity, or thoracic cavity between the lungs slightly towards left. It pumps blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>A heart transplant may be recommended for heart failure caused by coronary artery diseases (thickening of the heart walls)heart valve disease with congestive heart <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">failure severe</span> congenital heart <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">disease Heart</span> transplant surgery is not recommended for patients who have:kidney, lung, or liver <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">disease insulin</span>-dependent diabetes mellitus (<span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">IDEM</span>)other life-threatening diseases</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Heart transplants are the third most common transplant operations in the U.S. (over 1,500 cases per year). A healthy heart is obtained from a donor who has suffered brain death but remains on life-support. The healthy heart is transported in a special solution that preserves the organ. While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free ,an incision is made through the breast bone (sternum). The <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">patients</span> blood is re-routed through tubes to a heart-lung bypass machine to keep the blood oxygen-rich and circulating. The <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">patients</span> diseased heart is removed and the donor heart is stitched in place.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Heart transplant prolongs the life of a patient who otherwise would be died. About 80% of heart transplants are alive two years after the operation. The main problem, as with other transplants, is graft rejection. If rejection can be controlled, then survival can be increased up to 10 years or more. immunosuppressive drugs must be taken indefinitely.the major problems are the same all major organ transplants face:a shortage of donor <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">hearts rejection</span> of the transplanted <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">heart cost</span> of the surgery and post-operative care.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-14 0:00:13 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489417&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489417&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-77691607886650088312009-12-02T08:45:00.000-08:002010-01-13T21:02:17.811-08:00PULMONARY LOBECTOMY<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_FKk95EOEE1QuqpPOJYwkWeW7NguShq6pP30qqBFFuPCukPmNqdBADbI4a2C0lQL61aXaiqWNM4_vqx4JpPH_BnGtN6gWVe6yIxoBpGiFoMGS2f89Di8CNnM12PNY8OLGIV5q2AoVxGg/s1600-h/salim9.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_FKk95EOEE1QuqpPOJYwkWeW7NguShq6pP30qqBFFuPCukPmNqdBADbI4a2C0lQL61aXaiqWNM4_vqx4JpPH_BnGtN6gWVe6yIxoBpGiFoMGS2f89Di8CNnM12PNY8OLGIV5q2AoVxGg/s400/salim9.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417304318793202034" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></b></span></div><div><div><b>The lungs are comprised of lobes. The right lung has a superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe. The left lung has a superior and inferior lobe.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></b></span></div><div><b>If a cancer is within a lobe of the lung, removal of the involved lobe is indicated. Under general anesthesia with the patient deep asleep and pain free, an incision is made between the ribs to expose the lung. The chest cavity is examined and diseased lung tissue is removed. A drainage tube which is known as a (chest tube) is inserted to drain air, fluid, and blood out of the chest cavity and the ribs and skin are closed.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></b></span></div><div><b>Hospital stay is usually 7 to 10 days. Deep breathing is important to help prevent pneumonia, infection, and re-expand the lung. The chest tube remains in place until the lung has fully re-expanded. Pain is managed with medications. The patient will be recovered fully in 1 to 3 months after the operation.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-14 0:00:13 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489417&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489417&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-6595320806297868222009-12-02T07:48:00.000-08:002010-01-13T21:02:40.401-08:00PNEUMOTHORAX<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxAsY_lg-JLy3LCTkVnGXsxjZbQny55Pu-XsdUwhA-ViOM1tGc2uZLwxnH4zF935TQLhpJTfvc0ZbTEXcQmWgnbALiIH_fZG_a7thQFXWpsILOEgYQIR5HB1_PZpycB9YkB66ZpGgAE0/s1600-h/salim6.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvxAsY_lg-JLy3LCTkVnGXsxjZbQny55Pu-XsdUwhA-ViOM1tGc2uZLwxnH4zF935TQLhpJTfvc0ZbTEXcQmWgnbALiIH_fZG_a7thQFXWpsILOEgYQIR5HB1_PZpycB9YkB66ZpGgAE0/s400/salim6.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417302374714323794" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The lungs are paired organs that lie in the thoracic cavity. The lungs extract oxygen from inhaled air and transport the oxygen to the blood. Surrounding the lungs is a very thin space called the pleural space. The pleural space is usually extremely thin, and filled with a small amount of fluid.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>If air enters the pleural space, the lung will collapse. This is called a <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">pneumothorax</span>. If the chest wall is penetrated, which may occur as a result of an injury, air can enter the pleural space from the outside. Air can also enter from the inside, from the lung itself, if the lung is torn or ruptured. One of the most common causes of spontaneous non-traumatic <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">pneumothorax</span> is a pulmonary <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">blab</span>. This is a weakness and out-pouching of the lung tissue, which can rupture. This introduces air into the pleural space.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INCISION</span></span></b></div><div><b><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">Pneumothorax</span> can be life-threatening. The immediate treatment for <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">pneumothorax</span> is tube <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">thoracostomy</span>, or the insertion of a chest tube. A long, flexible, hollow, narrow tube is inserted through the ribs into the pleural <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">splice</span>, and the tube is attached to a suction device. This allows the air to be evacuated from the pleural space, and allows the lung to re-expand. Chest tubes are generally inserted using local anesthesia. The chest tube is left in place until the lung leak seals on its own; this usually occurs within two to five days.</b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><b>PROCEDURE</b></span></span></div><div><b>Pulmonary <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">blabs</span> can be <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">rejected</span>, preventing future <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">pneumothorax</span>. This is frequently done using a <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10">thoracoscopic</span> surgical procedure. The patient is put to sleep using general anesthesia. Long, narrow instruments, including one with a camera on the end to allow for visualization of the interior of the thorax, are introduced through small incisions in the chest wall.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>A stapling device is inserted into the chest during <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11">thoracoscopic</span> surgery, and the segment of lung with <span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12">blabs</span> is stapled across and then removed. Most patients respond quite well to this procedure, and usually require one to three days in the hospital after surgery to recover. A chest tube is frequently left in place for one to two days after surgery to evacuate any residual air in the pleural space.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; white-space: pre-wrap; "><!-- Begin: AdBrite, Generated: 2010-01-14 0:00:13 --> <script type="text/javascript"> var AdBrite_Title_Color = '0000FF'; var AdBrite_Text_Color = '000000'; var AdBrite_Background_Color = '2BA94F'; var AdBrite_Border_Color = 'CCCCCC'; var AdBrite_URL_Color = '800040'; try{var AdBrite_Iframe=window.top!=window.self?2:1;var AdBrite_Referrer=document.referrer==''?document.location:document.referrer;AdBrite_Referrer=encodeURIComponent(AdBrite_Referrer);}catch(e){var AdBrite_Iframe='';var AdBrite_Referrer='';} </script> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><script type="text/javascript">document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,83,67,82,73,80,84));document.write(' src="http://ads.adbrite.com/mb/text_group.php?sid=1489417&zs=3436385f3630&ifr='+AdBrite_Iframe+'&ref='+AdBrite_Referrer+'" type="text/javascript">');document.write(String.fromCharCode(60,47,83,67,82,73,80,84,62));</script> <a target="_top" href="http://www.adbrite.com/mb/commerce/purchase_form.php?opid=1489417&afsid=1"><img src="http://files.adbrite.com/mb/images/adbrite-your-ad-here-banner.gif" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;" alt="Your Ad Here" width="11" height="60" border="0" /></a></span> <!-- End: AdBrite --></span></b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-59615523349859691442009-12-02T07:43:00.000-08:002009-12-20T04:57:30.148-08:00HEART LUNG TRANSPLANT<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8CC7s5gR58ZpjUp68Q8vH1Zvqkpe9RR-ju5xTbPiegc0HwcGbv5UbdaHYtyffgDoAoVB9E1s9q7M2rh_ZCSj4MVnr5jvGVKEymVJFlci8m54mUpsDhNRnBbR8a958xWKnXCW179E6g4I/s1600-h/salim4.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8CC7s5gR58ZpjUp68Q8vH1Zvqkpe9RR-ju5xTbPiegc0HwcGbv5UbdaHYtyffgDoAoVB9E1s9q7M2rh_ZCSj4MVnr5jvGVKEymVJFlci8m54mUpsDhNRnBbR8a958xWKnXCW179E6g4I/s400/salim4.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417301668553423810" /></a><br /><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The heart and lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, or chest cavity. The heart pumps blood from the body to the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated by lungs. It then returns the blood to the heart, which pumps the freshly oxygenated blood to the rest part of the body.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>those person who has both cardiac or lungs disease who can be transplant their lung and heart.its transplantation known by heart lung transplantation. The most common reasons for a combined heart-lung transplant are pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, lung disease associated with damage to the right ventricle of the heart, and various congenital defects of the heart and lungs.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Heart-lung transplant operations have been performed since 1980 in the United States. The donated heart and lungs come from a human who has been declared brain-dead but remains on a life-support machine. A single recipient may receive one or both donor lungs. The tissues must be a match to help ensure that the patient does not reject the transplanted tissue. While the patient is deep asleep and pain-free, an incision is made through the breast bone (sternum). Tubes are used to re-route the blood to a heart-lung bypass machine that keeps the blood oxygenated and circulating during the surgery.</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-41192943069188900232009-12-02T07:34:00.000-08:002009-12-19T02:49:13.379-08:00ALFA FETOPROTIEN SERIES<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) cause a protein produced by the liver and yolk sac of a fetus.there is no normal function in adults. The alpha fetoprotein test (AFP) is a blood testwhich is performed to measure or diagnose or monitor fetal distress or fetal abnormalities. It can also detect some liver disorders and some cancers in adults.During pregnancy, this test, along with the examination of amniotic fluid (amniocentesis), can help detect fetal spinal bifida or other defects of the fetus' neural tube.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>The AFP test is used taking a blood sample. Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.Usually, there is little pain associated with a blood drawing. When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate discomfort, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. There are few risks with this test Excessive bleeding. Fainting or feeling light headed. Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin). Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken). Multiple punctures to locate veins.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">RESULT</span></span></b></div><div><b>Normal AFP levels for men for non-pregnant women are less than 300 nano grams per milliliter.Greater-than-normal levels of AFP in men and non-pregnant women may indicate cancer in testes, ovaries, biliary (liver secretion) tract, stomach, cancer malignant from hepatitis.</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-48624040617603591592009-12-02T04:56:00.000-08:002009-12-19T02:54:24.874-08:00ARTERIAL BYPASS LEG SERIES<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>Artery by pass leg series are those type of artery which supply blood to the leg originate from the aorta and iliac vessels.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>These arteries can be become blocked with athero sclerotic plaque. Symptoms of such a blockage include pain, most frequently in the foot and calf, and ulcers and non-healing sores of the foot and leg.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INCISION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Peripheral arterial bypass surgery is required for atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries of the leg. This surgery involves using a vein graft ,taken from the same leg, and suturing the vein into the artery to bypass the blockage. While the patient is anesthetized ,an incision is made in the inside of the leg from the groin to below the knee.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>The vein is freed from the surrounding tissue, and then sewn into place in the artery, above and below the atherosclerotic blockage.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Patients usually are able to walk within a few days of surgery, and often experience relief from pain immediately.</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-40945315342565216792009-12-02T03:42:00.000-08:002009-12-20T04:54:49.840-08:00CSF OF OLIGOCLONAL BANDING<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-ASRhi9Ox_rstDn2QxOOKjKoFJ8SLEB3_EYA3TYOh1S5kOd1r9S78XzV6iDNFMOVFtwNPJiqgGWzAJd6DydHMIiwBhYj4RDi09jKbe5IqH3KT2KPqgoFgUyYxI02QOuP3gr_aaenHLvQ/s1600-h/salim13.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-ASRhi9Ox_rstDn2QxOOKjKoFJ8SLEB3_EYA3TYOh1S5kOd1r9S78XzV6iDNFMOVFtwNPJiqgGWzAJd6DydHMIiwBhYj4RDi09jKbe5IqH3KT2KPqgoFgUyYxI02QOuP3gr_aaenHLvQ/s400/salim13.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417301001000337538" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The brain of man is situated in the region of head called cranium.it is surrounded by some layers,called meninges.the outer layer is thick ,hard and fibrous,known as durameter and inner layer is thin,called piameter.it contains blood capillaries which supply food or nutrients and oxygen to the cells of brain.in the upper and lower region of thin layer a fluid is found,called cerebro-spinal fluid.and collect waste products, as well as provide lubrication.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>A sample of the CSF will be taken from the lumbar area of the spine. This is called a lumbar puncture. the position used during lumbar puncture may be uncomfortable, but you must remain in the curled position to avoid moving the needle and possibly injuring the spinal cord. There also may be some discomfort with the needle prick and the insertion of the lumbar puncture.Headache after the test.Bleeding into the spinal canal.Brain herniation (if performed on a patient with increased intracranial pressure), which can result in brain damage and/or death.Damage to the spinal cord (particularly ithe patient moves during the test).</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-59502871034557181342009-12-02T03:24:00.000-08:002009-12-20T04:51:14.550-08:00GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATION TEST SERIES<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Uv9DhpIUxGDLG6PE7hKiSsTTcjPSjNRuUvGxRdvbOFqw6v_wbYMgq_gp81fko7KR3nfjMLYy_-ulktEkSlez_PCx0RT2I0PnMUBDqCqarIcwiNzy8BQpc9zsxXmVap3cwzHVbHAGxh4/s1600-h/salim7.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Uv9DhpIUxGDLG6PE7hKiSsTTcjPSjNRuUvGxRdvbOFqw6v_wbYMgq_gp81fko7KR3nfjMLYy_-ulktEkSlez_PCx0RT2I0PnMUBDqCqarIcwiNzy8BQpc9zsxXmVap3cwzHVbHAGxh4/s400/salim7.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417300057540099682" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>The growth hormone (GH) are the substances which are produced in particular cells or it is protein hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland under the control of the hypothalamus. In children, GH has growth-promoting effects on the body. It stimulates the secretion of somatomedins from the liver, which are a family of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hormones. These, along with GH and thyroid hormone, stimulate linear skeletal growth in children. In adults, GH stimulates protein synthesis in muscle and the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue (anabolic effects). It inhibits uptake of glucose by muscle while stimulating uptake of amino acids. The amino acids are used in the synthesis of proteins, and the muscle shifts to using fatty acids as a source of energy. GH secretion occurs in a pulsatile (short, concentrated secretion) and sporadic manner. Thus, a single test of the GH level is usually not performed.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>Why the test is performed: This test is typically performed on infants and children to identify human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency as a cause of growth retardation. It is also used to detect a pituitary tumor.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Because of the sporadic release of GH, the patient will have his blood drawn a total of five times over a few hours. Instead of the traditional method of blood drawing (veinipuncture), the blood is taken through an IV (angiocatheter).You should fast and limit physical activity for 10 to 12 hours before the test. If you are taking certain medications, your health-care provider may ask that you withhold these before the test, as some can affect results.You will be asked to relax for at least 90 minutes before the test, as exercise or increased activity can alter hGH levels. Inform your health-care provider if you or your child has had a radioactive scan performed within a week of this test, as radioactive scans can affect test results.when the needle is inserted, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.What the risks are:Risks associated with venipuncture are slight:excessive bleeding fainting orfeeling lightheaded hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)multiple punctures to locate veinsclinical signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia if IV Insulin is adminstered.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">RESULT</span></span></b></div><div><b> A diminished amount of GH indicates a problem either in the hypothalamus or the pituitary. Additional testing can illustrate the exact site of the deficiency. In children, a deficiency of GH results in dwarfism. In adults, it may be associated with panhypopituitarism. </b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-6109723757287777802009-12-02T03:17:00.000-08:002009-12-19T07:08:40.690-08:00COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT SERIES<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXw-nFTMHtntjCzV-e3_IyYczck2yAeHk1aoCeoFQITr0JVOnBW0gt8XW4XqxYrLijZ1q74DEiK18_xzimzaOAjVD6FKMjVRjY5KrTP-ZgqAJTl8Y2Wms5dneKYyDSE4uU040GbZuPE8/s1600-h/15329.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXw-nFTMHtntjCzV-e3_IyYczck2yAeHk1aoCeoFQITr0JVOnBW0gt8XW4XqxYrLijZ1q74DEiK18_xzimzaOAjVD6FKMjVRjY5KrTP-ZgqAJTl8Y2Wms5dneKYyDSE4uU040GbZuPE8/s400/15329.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410602548548461234" /></a><br /><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b><div><div><b>The complete blood count (CBC) is a screening test. it is used to diagnose and manage numerous diseases. It can reflect problems with fluid volume (such as dehydration) or loss of blood. It can show abnormalities in the production, life span, and destruction of blood cells. the CBC test isolates and counts the 7 types of cells found in the blood: eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, red blood cell, and platelets.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>A CBC requires a small blood specimen. Blood is taken from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.The skin should be cleaned with alcohol or iodine before the test. The patient should be seated comfortable or recleaning.When the needle is inserted to taken blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. After the blood is taken, there may be some throbbing.Although the CBC test is very safe, any blood taking has a slight risk of complication, including:Oozing of blood from the puncture site Fainting or feeling lightheaded Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Multiple punctures to locate veins Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">RESULT </span></span></b></div><div><b>Normal values vary with altitude and gender,low numbers of red blood cells may indicate anemia which has many causes including:Blood lossIron deficiency Deficiencies of vitamin B12 or folic acid Bone marrow failure (for example, from radiation, toxin, fibrosis, tumor)Erythropoietin deficiency.</b></div><div><b>High numbers of red blood cells may indicate:Cigarette smoking Low oxygen tension in the blood Congenital heart disease .Pulmonary fibrosis Dehydration (such as from severe diarrhea)Emphysema.</b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3036811268717207843.post-38826696001913985952009-12-02T02:50:00.000-08:002009-12-19T07:13:32.195-08:00VENUS THROMBOSIS SERIES<div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">NORMAL ANATOMY</span></span></b></div><div><div><b>Venus thorambosis are those arteries which supply blood to the leg originate from the aorta and iliac vessels.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">INDICATION</span></span></b></div><div><b>These arteries can be become blocked with atherosclerotic plaque. Symptoms of such a blockage include pain, most frequently in the foot and calf, and ulcers and non-healing sores of the foot and leg.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">PROCEDURE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Peripheral arterial bypass surgery is required for atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries of the leg. This surgery involves using a vein graft (saphenous vein), taken from the same leg, and suturing the vein into the artery to bypass the blockage. While the patient is anesthetized using general or spinal anesthesia, an incision is made in the inside of the leg from the groin to below the knee</b></div><div><b>The vein is freed from the surrounding tissue, and then sewn into place in the artery, above and below the atherosclerotic blockage.</b></div><div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#660000;">AFTERCARE</span></span></b></div><div><b>Patients usually are able to walk within a few days of surgery, and often experience relief from pain immediately. </b></div></div>Samhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17920254819883287958noreply@blogger.com0